Francisco de Zurbarán Paintings

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Biography of Francisco de Zurbarán

(b. 1598, Fuente de Cantos, d. 1664, Madrid)
Spanish painter
Born at Fuente de Cantos and active mainly in Seville. Francisco Zurbarán trained there 1614-17 and after a period at Llerena near his birthplace returned in 1629 as town painter.

In 1634-35 Zurbarán was in Madrid working for Philip IV on a series of ten pictures on The Labors of Hercules and a large historical scene, The Defense of Cadiz (all now in the Prado, Madrid), but apart from these Spanish paintings, a few portraits, and some masterly still lifes, he devoted himself almost entirely to religious paintings Spanish. Zurbarán worked for churches and monasteries over a wide area of southern Spain and paintings by Spanish artists were also exported to South America.

His compositionally simple and emotionally/direct altarpieces, combining austere naturalism with mystical intensity, made Francisco de Zurbarán an ideal Counter-Reformation painter. The most characteristic of Spanish artists paintings are the single figures of monks and saints in meditation or prayer, most of which seem to have been executed in the 1630s. The figures are usually depicted against a plain background, standing out with massive physical presence. Many of these monumentally solemn figures are conceived in great series, such as The Members of the Merced Arian Order (Academy, Madrid), or The Carthusian Saints (Cadiz Museum). But there are single pictures of the same kind. Francisco de Zurbarán painted numerous Spanish paintings by Spanish artists of St Francis, for example (two in the National Gallery, London), and a number of virgin saints.

Towards the end of his career, Zurbarán art lost something of its power and simplicity as he tried to come to terms with the less ascetic style of Murillo, who in the 1640s overtook him as the most popular painter in Seville. In 1658 Francisco de Zurbarán moved to Madrid, where he spent his final years. His son Juan (1620-49) is known from a few still-life paintings.

Spanish Artists Paintings

Bartolome Esteban Murillo
Diego Rodriguez De Silva y Velazquez
Francisco de Zurbaran
Garrido eduardo leon
Goya Francisco de
Joan Miró

Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida
Jose Benlliure y Gil
Jusepe de Ribera
Madrazo y Garreta Raimundo de
Salvador Dali
Pablo Picasso
Zurbaran Francisco de

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History of Paintings Spanish

In Spain, the Spanish paintings of the Romanesque period represented a smooth transition from the preceding Pre-Romanesque and Mozarabic styles.

The Gothic art of Spain represented a gradual development from previous Romanesque styles, being led by external models, first from France, and then later from Italy.

Due to important economic and political links between Spain and Flanders from the mid-15th century onwards, the early Renaissance paintings Spanish was heavily influenced by Netherlandish art.

Overall the Renaissance and subsequent Mannerist styles are hard to categorise in Spain, due to the mix of Flemish and Italian influences, and regional variations.

The Spanish Golden Age, a period of Spanish political ascendancy and subsequent decline, saw a great development of paintings by Spanish artists. The period is generally considered to have begun at some point after 1492 and ended by or with the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, though in art the start is delayed until the reign of Philip III (1598-1621), or just before, and the end also delayed until the 1660s or later.

Later Baroque elements of Spanish paintings by Spanish artists were introduced as a foreign influence, through visits to Spain by Rubens and van Dyck, and the circulation of artists and patrons between Spain and the Spanish possessions of Naples and the Spanish Netherlands.

The beginning of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain under Philip V led to great changes in art patronage, with the new French-oriented court favoring the styles and artists of Bourbon France.

Various art movements of the 19th Century influenced Spanish paintings, largely through them undertaking training in foreign capitals, particularly in Paris and Rome. In this way Neo-classicism, Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism became important strands.

During the first half of 20th Century many leading Spanish artists were working in Paris, where they contributed to - and sometimes led - developments in the Modernist art movement.