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Biography of Hieronymus BoschThe master of the monstrous... the discoverer of the unconscious. -- Carl Gustav Jung, on Hieronymus Bosch Movement: Early Netherlandish Renaissance Hieronymus, or Jerome, Bosch, b. c.1450, d. August 1516, spent his entire artistic career in the small Dutch town of Hertogenbosch, from which Hieronymus Bosch derived his name. At the time of his death, he was internationally celebrated as an eccentric painter of religious visions who dealt in particular with the torments of hell. During his lifetime Bosch art were in the inventories of noble families of the Netherlands, Austria, and Spain, and they were imitated in a number of Bosch Hieronymus paintings including Garden of Earthly Delights throughout the 16th century, especially in the oil paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. |
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Artist Bosch was a member of the religious Brotherhood of Our Lady, for whom he painted several altarpieces for the
Cathedral of Saint John's, Hertogenbosch, all of which are now lost. Hieronymus Bosch probably never went far from home, although
records exist of a commission in 1504 from Philip the Handsome (later king of Castile), for a lost Last Judgment altarpiece. None of
Bosch art are dated, so was Garden Earthly Delights, although the artist signed many of them. The extraordinary Bosch artist (c. 1450-1516) stands apart from the prevailing Flemish traditions in images. The style of Hieronymus Bosch painting was unique, strikingly free, and his symbolism, unforgettably vivid, remains unparalleled to this day. Marvellous and terrifying, he expresses an intense pessimism and reflects the anxieties of his time, one of social and political upheaval. |
Very little is known about Bosch painter, which somehow seems fitting since Bosch painting is so enigmatic. We know
that he adopted the name of the Dutch town of s'Hertogenbosch (near Antwerp) as his own, that he belonged to an
ultra-orthodox religious community called the Brotherhood of Mary, and that in his own day
Bosch Hieronymus was famous. Many of
his works such as The Garden of Earthly Delights are devotional, and there are several on the theme of the Passion.
Artist Bosch is specially famous for his fantastic, demon-filled paintings, one of which is The Temptation of St Anthony. Even a more naturalistic painting like The Path of Life contains sinister elements. Apart from the dog snarling at the poverty-stricken old man, and the animal bones and skull in the foreground, robbers attack a traveller in the background, and a gallows is visible on the skyline above the old man's head. The Path of Life is on the outer face of the wings of a Bosch art. The three inside panels display his tragic view of human existence, dwelling upon the triumph of sin. Another oil painting in the same form is Garden of Earthly Delights. Man's exile from Paradise is shown on the left, the infinite variation of human vice in the centre, and its consequence--exile to Hell--on the right. |
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A great contrast to the painting by Memling is the one by Hieronymus (or Jerome) Bosch.
Hieronymus Bosch lived somewhat later than Memling. Paintings by Hieronymus
Bosch were influenced by the Flemish school of painting. But whereas the Flemish artists created a world of serenity and reality, the world of Bosch is one of horror and imagination. his Vision of Tondalys both amuses and frightens us. We see a strange animal forcing a sharp stick through a large ear. A creature with a great head stretches open its mouth to show a table with people both behind and under it. A man caught in a big hat finds that one of his legs is sprouting roots. People fly through the air. In the background fire lights up the sky. We marvel at the extraordinary fantasy of Hieronymous Bosch. We also feel that the man himself must have been very morbid to have been so concerned with pain. Although Hieronymus Bosch art including Garden Earthly Delights, with their weird animals and monsters, look as if they belong to the Middle Ages, they are not too unlike some of the Bosch paintings that are being produced today by artists who are called surrealists. They too paint a world of fantasy. Bosch artist lived at a time when the medieval period was giving way to a new age. Bosch painting undoubtedly reflected his concern for a changing world. Looked at in this way Hieronymus Bosch and his fantasies are curiously up to date. |