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Francesco Di
Giorgio Biography(b. 1439, Siena, d. 1502, Siena)
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dell'Opera del Duomo,
Siena). In 1464 Francesco di Giorgio Martini was charged with
overseeing the intricate aqueduct system of
Siena for a three-year period, and similar
assignments as an engineer and architect
continued to come for the remainder of his
life, both in Siena and in other centres.
His fellow Sienese painter
Neroccio de' Landi
(1447-1500) became his partner,
perhaps as early as 1469, until litigation
abruptly dissolved the relationship in 1475.
In the 1470s Francesco di Giorgio Martini painted two different
versions of the Coronation of the Virgin,
one in fresco for the ancient Hospital of
Santa Maria della Scala, done in 1471
(destroyed), and another, originally for the
Benedictine abbey church outside Siena at
Monte Oliveto, which appears to have been
painted c. 1472. He signed a Nativity
that was commissioned in 1475. Another
Nativity from the 1490s is also attributed
to the artist. |
He appears in extant records for the first
time in 1464, when he produced a wooden sculpture of St
John the Baptist Museo. Francesco di Giorgio was in Naples in 1479 and in 1480. In 1484 he began his most famous building, the centrally designed Church of the Madonna del Calcinaio outside Cortona. Returning to Siena from time to time during the same period, Francesco Di Giorgio continued to receive various official commissions, including the bronze angels for the high altar of the Sienese Cathedral (finished in 1498), but no paintings are recorded later in his career. Francesco di Giorgio Martini summoned to Milan to give advice on how to design the dome of the Cathedral, came into contact with Leonardo da Vinci, who later owned and annotated one of Francesco's manuscripts. |
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The Sienese artist, along with important
Florentines and a few other "foreigners,"
participated in a competition for designing
a façade of the Cathedral of Florence. Back
in Naples during the 1490s, Francesco Di
Giorgio continued to
be active in Urbino. In 1498 he finally
returned to Siena for good when he was made
capo maestro (head) of the paintings at the
Cathedral. Francesco di Giorgio Martini died in Siena toward
the end of 1501, leaving behind, in addition
to the paintings already mentioned, a series of
manuscripts of the greatest importance
devoted to architecture and engineering. No
documentation confirms that Francesco Di
Giorgio continued to
paint after the Nativity, although critics
usually assume later activity, including the
magnificent newly discovered essentially
monochromatic frescoes in the Bichi Chapel
of Sant'Agostino in Siena which have
been attributed to him. Late in life Francesco di Giorgio may have turned to painting again, following work done in bronze relief, most famous of which is the Deposition in Venice, and four bronze angels for Siena Cathedral, but the attributions made for a late period are full of problems since Sienese painting toward the end of the fifteenth century has not yet been carefully studied. Outsiders begin to dominate the local scene. Perugino, Pinturicchio, and Signorelli, all active in Siena, overshadowed Francesco as a painter. |
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