Franz Marc

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Biography of Franz Marc

(1880-1916)
Dutch Painter
Movement: Expressionism
The name was often spelled in mistake as Frans Marc, France Marc, Franz Mark, Mark Franz, Frank Marc, Franc Marc.

The artist was born in 1880, in the German town of Munich. His father, Wilhelm, was a professional landscape painter, and his mother Sophie was a strict Calvinist. In 1900, Franz Marc began study at the Academy of Fine Art, Munich, not an art gallery, where his teachers would include Gabriel von Hackl and Wilhelm von Diez.

Franz Marc, whose career was cruelly cut short by the First World War, has in recent years been the most popular of all the German Expressionists. One reason for this is supplied by his eloquent and touching letters. Another may be the fact that Franz Marc painting is not very typical of Expressionism as it is generally understood. He found a way of giving the German Romantic artists whose artworks are famous in art gallery - Runge, Friedrich, Kobell, Blechen, Rethel and Schwind (all of whom he warmly admired) a new and modern guise.
Marc artist studied at the Munich Art Academy and traveled to Paris several times where he saw the painting of Gauguin, Van Gogh, and the Impressionists. With Kandinsky, he founded the almanac "Der Blaue Reiter" in 1911 and organized exhibitions with this name. He was a principal member of the First German Salon d'Automne in 1913. At the beginning of World War I, Franz Marc volunteered for military service and he died near Verdun, France, on March 4, 1916. - Toperfect art gallery supply elegant Franz Marc Blue Horses, is art gallery of Fate of the Animals, Tiger painting, The Yellow Cow, Fighting Forms, and Franz Marc horses.
In Paris, Marc artist frequented artistic circles which brought him into contact with a number of artists, including Sarah Bernhardt, and he discovered a strong affinity for the painting of Vincent van Gogh. In this period, Franz Marc was involved in a number of stormy relationships, including a years-long affair with Annette von Eckardt, a married antiquary nine years his elder, and two marriages, first to Maria Franck, then to Marie Schnur. In 1906, he traveled with his brother, a Byzantinist by trade, to Saloniki, Mount Athos, and various other Greek locations.
The year 1910 Franz Marc marked a significant turning point. In January he met August Macke, a painter seven years younger than him, but who seemed extremely sophisticated and well informed. Through Macke he learned something of the Fauves, and the following month was able to see what they were doing for himself, thanks to a Matisse exhibition in Munich. Franz Marc also introduced him to the collector Bernard Koehler, who happened to be the uncle of Macke's wife. Koehler liked Franz Marc painting, and offered him a monthly allowance, which removed the worst of his financial worries. In September Marc artist defended the exhibition of the Neue Kuenstlervereinigung, which was being attacked by the local Munich critics, and was offered membership of the group as a result. He did not, however, meet Kandinsky, its leading spirit, until February 1911. By that time Franz Marc had formed his own set of artistic principles, which were a mixture of Romanticism, Expressionism and Symbolism.

Franz Marc was a pioneer in the birth of abstract art at the beginning of the twentieth-century The Blaue Reiter group put forth a new program for art based on exuberant color and on profoundly felt emotional and spiritual states. It was his particular contribution to introduce paradisiacal imagery that had as its dramatis personae a collection of animals, most notably a group of heroic horses. Tragically, Franz Marc was killed in World War I at the age of thirty-six, but not before he had created some of the most exciting and touching paintings of the Expressionist movement.
Several of Franz Marc paintings were shown in the first Der Blaue Reiter exhibition at the Thannhauser Galleries in Munich between December 1911 and January 1912. The exhibition was the apex of the German expressionist movement and also showed in Berlin, Köln, Hagen, and Frankfurt. In 1912, Marc artist also met Robert Delaunay, whose use of color and futurist method was a major influence on Tiger Franz Marc. The painter became influenced by futurism and cubism, and Franz Marc artwork became stark and abstract in nature.

In December 1910 Franz Marc wrote a famous letter to Macke, assigning emotional values to colors: Blue is the male principle, astringent and spiritual. Yellow is the female principle, gentle, gay and spiritual. Red is matter, brutal and heavy and always the colour to be opposed and overcome by the other two.
In 1911 the painter found himself ready to embark on the series of paintings by Franz Marc of animals which have since been the cornerstone of his reputation. And in December, after a split in the Neue Kuenstlervereinigung, organized the first Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider) exhibition. Formerly so ineffective and depressed, Marc artist had now become a most efficient organizer, and it was he who persuaded the publisher Reinhart Piper to bring out Kandinsky's fundamental text, On the Spiritual in Art, and he also played a leading part in the creation of the Blaue Reiter Almanach and the organization of a second and more ambitious Blaue Reiter show in 1912. In 1913 Franz Marc took an important role in selecting and hanging Der Sturm's First Autumn Salon in Berlin, and noted how many of the exhibitors were veering towards abstraction. This confirmed his feelings which had begun to emerge when he and Macke went to Paris to visit Delaunay in 1912, and saw some examples from the latter's Window series. By the spring Of 1914 own Franz Marc painting had become virtually abstract.

He made some sixty prints, in woodcut and lithography. Most of mature paintings portrays animals, usually in natural settings. Franz Marc painting is characterized by bright primary color, an almost cubist portrayal of animals, stark simplicity and a profound sense of emotion, which garnered notice in influential circles even in his own time. Franz Marc artwork did not go unnoticed by the National Socialists; in 1936 and 1937, the artist was condemned by the Nazis as an "entarteter Künstler" ("degenerate artist"), and approximately 130 of Franz Marc paintings were stripped from German museums.
This promising career was cut short by the war. Marc was mobilized and wrote numerous letters home from the Front, expounding his aesthetic philosophy, and kept a notebook with drawings for the paintings by Franz Marc as soon as he was free to do so. But he was denied the opportunity he hoped for. In March 1916 he was killed instantly when he was struck in the head by a shell splinter.

In October 1998, several of Franz Marc paintings garnered record prices at Christie's art auction house in London art gallery, including Rote Rehe I (Red Deer I), which sold for $3.30m. This record was exceeded in October 1999, when Der Wasserfall (The Waterfall) was sold by Sotheby's in London art gallery to a private collector for $5.06m. This price set a record for both his artworks and 20th century German paintings in art gallery.

Analysis of Best Known Paintings by Franz Marc

The Large Blue Horses / Die groben blauen Pferde
In 1911, the major painting by Marc, The Large Blue Horses appeared. In this painting, three horses occupy most space, looking serene and mild with their heads bowed and eyes closed. The outline of the Franz Marc horses seems to blend into the arc hills, the floating clouds and the branches of plants surroundings. The colour of the painting The Large Blue Horses is bright and splendid. Surrounded by the colours of red, yellow and green, the large area blue appears noble and calm as well as dynamic. The colours used in Franz Marc Blue Horse are specially symbolic. The blue conveys the Firm and elegant characteristics of man, while the yellow means the quiet and tender characteristics of woman; and the green indicates the harmony between them, while the red represents the power. The organic distribution of the four colours in The Blue Horse Franz Marc reflects some of the painter’s comprehension and understanding of the spiritual essence of world.